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1 economy's growth rate
Дипломатический термин: темпы экономического роста -
2 economy's growth rate
Англо-русский дипломатический словарь > economy's growth rate
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3 economy's growth rate
English-russian dctionary of diplomacy > economy's growth rate
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4 growth rate
Econthe rate of an economy’s growth as measured by its technical progress, the growth of its labor, and the increase in its capital stock -
5 growth rate
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6 growth rate of the economy
Politics english-russian dictionary > growth rate of the economy
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7 economy
n1) экономика, (народное) хозяйство2) экономия, бережливость• -
8 growth
growth [grəʊθ]1. nouna. ( = act of growing) croissance fb. ( = tumour) tumeur f2. compounds► growth area noun ( = sector of economy) secteur m en expansion ; ( = region) région f en expansion* * *[grəʊθ]1) ( physical) (of person, plant) croissance f; (of hair, nails) pousse f2) ( increase) (of population, movement, idea) croissance f (in, of de); ( of economy) expansion f (in, of de); (of numbers, productivity, earnings) augmentation f (in de); ( of expenditure) hausse f (in de)3) Medicine grosseur f, tumeur f4) Botany pousse f -
9 Economy
Portugal's economy, under the influence of the European Economic Community (EEC), and later with the assistance of the European Union (EU), grew rapidly in 1985-86; through 1992, the average annual growth was 4-5 percent. While such growth rates did not last into the late 1990s, portions of Portugal's society achieved unprecedented prosperity, although poverty remained entrenched. It is important, however, to place this current growth, which includes some not altogether desirable developments, in historical perspective. On at least three occasions in this century, Portugal's economy has experienced severe dislocation and instability: during the turbulent First Republic (1911-25); during the Estado Novo, when the world Depression came into play (1930-39); and during the aftermath of the Revolution of 25 April, 1974. At other periods, and even during the Estado Novo, there were eras of relatively steady growth and development, despite the fact that Portugal's weak economy lagged behind industrialized Western Europe's economies, perhaps more than Prime Minister Antônio de Oliveira Salazar wished to admit to the public or to foreigners.For a number of reasons, Portugal's backward economy underwent considerable growth and development following the beginning of the colonial wars in Africa in early 1961. Recent research findings suggest that, contrary to the "stagnation thesis" that states that the Estado Novo economy during the last 14 years of its existence experienced little or no growth, there were important changes, policy shifts, structural evolution, and impressive growth rates. In fact, the average annual gross domestic product (GDP) growth rate (1961-74) was about 7 percent. The war in Africa was one significant factor in the post-1961 economic changes. The new costs of finance and spending on the military and police actions in the African and Asian empires in 1961 and thereafter forced changes in economic policy.Starting in 1963-64, the relatively closed economy was opened up to foreign investment, and Lisbon began to use deficit financing and more borrowing at home and abroad. Increased foreign investment, residence, and technical and military assistance also had effects on economic growth and development. Salazar's government moved toward greater trade and integration with various international bodies by signing agreements with the European Free Trade Association and several international finance groups. New multinational corporations began to operate in the country, along with foreign-based banks. Meanwhile, foreign tourism increased massively from the early 1960s on, and the tourism industry experienced unprecedented expansion. By 1973-74, Portugal received more than 8 million tourists annually for the first time.Under Prime Minister Marcello Caetano, other important economic changes occurred. High annual economic growth rates continued until the world energy crisis inflation and a recession hit Portugal in 1973. Caetano's system, through new development plans, modernized aspects of the agricultural, industrial, and service sectors and linked reform in education with plans for social change. It also introduced cadres of forward-looking technocrats at various levels. The general motto of Caetano's version of the Estado Novo was "Evolution with Continuity," but he was unable to solve the key problems, which were more political and social than economic. As the boom period went "bust" in 1973-74, and growth slowed greatly, it became clear that Caetano and his governing circle had no way out of the African wars and could find no easy compromise solution to the need to democratize Portugal's restive society. The economic background of the Revolution of 25 April 1974 was a severe energy shortage caused by the world energy crisis and Arab oil boycott, as well as high general inflation, increasing debts from the African wars, and a weakening currency. While the regime prescribed greater Portuguese investment in Africa, in fact Portuguese businesses were increasingly investing outside of the escudo area in Western Europe and the United States.During the two years of political and social turmoil following the Revolution of 25 April 1974, the economy weakened. Production, income, reserves, and annual growth fell drastically during 1974-76. Amidst labor-management conflict, there was a burst of strikes, and income and productivity plummeted. Ironically, one factor that cushioned the economic impact of the revolution was the significant gold reserve supply that the Estado Novo had accumulated, principally during Salazar's years. Another factor was emigration from Portugal and the former colonies in Africa, which to a degree reduced pressures for employment. The sudden infusion of more than 600,000 refugees from Africa did increase the unemployment rate, which in 1975 was 10-15 percent. But, by 1990, the unemployment rate was down to about 5-6 percent.After 1985, Portugal's economy experienced high growth rates again, which averaged 4-5 percent through 1992. Substantial economic assistance from the EEC and individual countries such as the United States, as well as the political stability and administrative continuity that derived from majority Social Democratic Party (PSD) governments starting in mid-1987, supported new growth and development in the EEC's second poorest country. With rapid infrastruc-tural change and some unregulated development, Portugal's leaders harbored a justifiable concern that a fragile environment and ecology were under new, unacceptable pressures. Among other improvements in the standard of living since 1974 was an increase in per capita income. By 1991, the average minimum monthly wage was about 40,000 escudos, and per capita income was about $5,000 per annum. By the end of the 20th century, despite continuing poverty at several levels in Portugal, Portugal's economy had made significant progress. In the space of 15 years, Portugal had halved the large gap in living standards between itself and the remainder of the EU. For example, when Portugal joined the EU in 1986, its GDP, in terms of purchasing power-parity, was only 53 percent of the EU average. By 2000, Portugal's GDP had reached 75 percent of the EU average, a considerable achievement. Whether Portugal could narrow this gap even further in a reasonable amount of time remained a sensitive question in Lisbon. Besides structural poverty and the fact that, in 2006, the EU largesse in structural funds (loans and grants) virtually ceased, a major challenge for Portugal's economy will be to reduce the size of the public sector (about 50 percent of GDP is in the central government) to increase productivity, attract outside investment, and diversify the economy. For Portugal's economic planners, the 21st century promises to be challenging. -
10 economy
n1) экономика; хозяйство2) экономия; бережливость•to build up national economy — строить / создавать национальную экономику
to improve one's economy — улучшать состояние экономики
to meet the needs of the national economy for smth — удовлетворять потребности национальной экономики в чем-л.
to rebuild a country's economy — восстанавливать / реконструировать экономику страны
to rehabilitate the war-ravaged national economy — восстанавливать разрушенную войной экономику страны
to remodel the economy — переделывать / изменять экономику
to revitalize / to revive the economy — возрождать / оживлять экономику
to satisfy the needs of the national economy for smth — удовлетворять потребности национальной экономики в чем-л.
to stimulate one's domestic economy — стимулировать рост экономики внутри страны
- adversely affected branches of economyto tighten one's economy hold — усиливать свое экономическое влияние
- agricultural economy
- ailing economy
- ailing economies of the Third World
- all-embracing economy
- appalling state of the economy
- balanced development of the branches of economy
- barter economy
- beleaguered economy
- black economy
- buoyancy in a country's economy
- buoyant economy
- business economy
- capitalist economy
- centralized economy
- centrally planned economy
- closed economy
- cohesive economy
- collapsing economy
- colonialist economy
- command economy
- commanding heights of the economy
- competitive economy
- complementary economies
- consumer economy
- controlled economy
- crippled economy
- crisis-free economy
- critical state of the economy
- day-to-day running of economy
- debt-ridden economy
- defense economy
- developed economy
- developed national economy
- developing economy
- dire state of the economy
- disrupted economy
- domestic economy
- economy catches its breath
- economy constricts
- economy expands
- economy goes deeper into crisis
- economy goes into a decline
- economy is buoyant
- economy is close to collapse
- economy is coming out of recession
- economy is crumbling
- economy is diving into a recession
- economy is facing a slump
- economy is faltering
- economy is headed upward
- economy is in a dreadful state
- economy is in a state of collapse
- economy is in bad condition
- economy is in recession
- economy is in the doldrums
- economy is not out of the woods yet
- economy is rolling downhill
- economy is sagging
- economy is seriously unbalanced
- economy is shrinking
- economy of disarmament
- economy of fuel
- economy of one-sided development
- economy of scarcity
- economy recovers
- economy undergoing charges
- economy will undergo drastic surgical measures
- economy with a high rate of growth in per capita output
- economies of industrialized countries are booming
- economies of scale
- economies on labor
- economies on social services
- emerging economy
- engineering economy
- exchange economy
- expanding economy
- fast developing economy
- flagging economy
- fragile economy
- frail economy
- free economy
- free enterprise economy
- freewheeling economy
- full employment economy
- ghost economy
- gilt-edged economy
- global economy
- gray economy
- green economy
- gross mismanagement of economy
- growth of the economy
- growth rate of the economy
- healthy economy
- high employment economy
- high interest rates further dampen down the economy
- highly developed branches of the economy
- home economy
- humane economy
- industrial economy
- inflationary pressures on the economy
- intensification of economy
- laissez-faire economy
- less centralized grip on the economy
- lop-sided economy
- low pressure economy
- major economy
- management of the economy
- market economy
- market-oriented economy
- mature economy
- mechanics of economy
- militarization of the economy
- militarized economy
- military economy
- mixed economy
- modernization of the economy
- monetary economy
- moribund economy
- multibranch economy
- multisectoral economy
- multistructrural economy
- national economy
- no-growth period of economy
- ongoing trends in the world economy
- overheated economy
- peace-time economy
- peasant economy
- plan-based economy
- planless economy
- plan-market economy
- planned economy
- pluralistic economy - powerful economy
- private economy
- private enterprise economy
- private sector of the economy
- progressive transformation of the economy
- protected economy
- public sector of the economy
- rapid expansion of the economy
- ravaged economy
- recovery in economy
- reforming of the economy along western lines
- regulated market economy
- retooling of the national economy
- revitalization of the economy
- robber economy
- robust economy
- run-down economy
- rural economy
- sagging economy
- sane economy
- self-sustained economy
- shadow economy
- shaky economy
- shattered economy
- shift away from central control of the economy
- shift to a market economy
- sick economy
- siege economy
- simple commodity economy
- size of the economy
- slide in the economy
- slowing of economy
- sluggish economy
- socialist economy
- socialist system of economy
- socialized economy
- sound economy
- Soviet-style economy
- spaceman economy
- spontaneous economy
- stability of economy
- stagnant economy - state-run economy
- stationary economy
- steady-state economy
- strict economy
- strong economy
- study of world economy
- subsistence economy
- sustained growth of economy
- swift transition to market economy
- swiss-cheese economy
- switchover to a market economy
- the country's economy grew by 10 per cent
- the country's economy has been in better shape than before
- the country's economy is in a pretty bad way
- the country's economy is in dire trouble
- tottering economy
- transition to market economy
- troubled economy
- turnaround in the economy
- two interlined economies
- unbalanced economy
- under-the-table economy
- unstable economy
- viable economy
- war economy
- war-ravaged economy
- war-time economy
- weakening of the economy
- world economy -
11 rate
1) размер; норма2) ставка; ставка таможенной пошлины; учётная ставка; такса3) курс; цена; оценка || оценивать; расценивать4) темп; скорость5) пропорция; процент6) коэффициент; показатель; степень7) местный налог; коммунальный налог || облагать налогом8) брит. налог на землю, поземельный налог9) интенсивность, мощность10) разряд, сорт; класс || классифицировать, устанавливать категорию11) уст. паёк, порция12) тариф || тарифицировать, определять тариф13) плата за перевозку14) величина; уровень- age rate- day rate- job rate- tax rate -
12 growth
noun1) (of industry, economy, population) Wachstum, das (of, in Gen.); (of interest, illiteracy) Zunahme, die (of, in Gen.); attrib. Wachstums[hormon, -rate]2) (of organisms, amount grown) Wachstum, das4) (Med.) Geschwulst, die; Gewächs, das* * *[-Ɵ]1) (the act or process of growing, increasing, developing etc: the growth of trade unionism.) das Wachsen2) (something that has grown: a week's growth of beard.) der Wuchs3) (the amount by which something grows: to measure the growth of a plant.) die Zunahme4) (something unwanted which grows: a cancerous growth.) die Wucherung* * *[grəʊθ, AM groʊθ]nplant \growth Pflanzenwuchs m, Pflanzenwachstum ntto reach full \growth ausgewachsen seinrate of \growth Wachstumsrate f, Zuwachsrate f\growth industry Wachstumsindustrie f3. no pl (development) Entwicklung f; of sb's character, intellect Entfaltung f; (in importance) Wachstum nt\growth area Entwicklungsgebiet ntthere is new \growth sprouting in spring im Frühling sprießen neue Triebeto have a three days' \growth on one's chin einen Drei-Tage-Bart haben* * *[grəʊɵ]n1) Wachstum nt; (= increase in quantity, fig of love, interest etc) Zunahme f, Anwachsen nt; (= increase in size) Vergrößerung f, Wachstum nt; (of capital etc) Zuwachs mto reach full growth — seine/ihre volle Größe erreichen
growth industry/stock — Wachstumsindustrie f/-aktien pl
rate of export growth — Wachstums- or Zuwachsrate f im Export
growth ring (of tree) — Jahresring m
covered with a thick growth of ivy — von Efeu überwuchert or überwachsen
with two days' growth (of beard) on his face — mit zwei Tage alten Bartstoppeln
* * *growth [ɡrəʊθ] s1. Wachsen n, Wachstum n (beide auch fig):a four days’ growth of beard ein Viertagebart m2. Wuchs m, Größe f4. fig Entwicklung f5. BOT Schössling m, Trieb m6. Erzeugnis n, Produkt n7. Anbau m:of foreign growth ausländisch;of one’s own growth selbst gezogen8. MED Gewächs n, Wucherung f* * *noun1) (of industry, economy, population) Wachstum, das (of, in Gen.); (of interest, illiteracy) Zunahme, die (of, in Gen.); attrib. Wachstums[hormon, -rate]2) (of organisms, amount grown) Wachstum, das4) (Med.) Geschwulst, die; Gewächs, das* * *(vegetation) n.Bewuchs -¨e m. n.Auswuchs -¨e m.Entwicklung f.Geschwulst f.Gewachs -¨e n.Gewächs -e n.Wachstum -¨er n.Wuchs nur sing. m.Zuwachs m. -
13 economy with a high rate of growth in per capita output
Politics english-russian dictionary > economy with a high rate of growth in per capita output
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14 expected rate of return
Finthe projected percentage return on an investment, based on the weighted probability of all possible rates of return.Abbr. ERREXAMPLEIt is calculated by the following formula:E[r]= ΣsP(s)rswhere E[r] is the expected return, P(s) is the probability that the rate rs occurs, and rs is the return at s level.The following example illustrates the principle which the formula expresses.The current price of ABC Inc. stock is trading at $10. At the end of the year, ABC shares are projected to be traded:25% higher if economic growth exceeds expectations—a probability of 30%;12% higher if economic growth equals expectations—a probability of 50%;5% lower if economic growth falls short of expectations—a probability of 20%.To find the expected rate of return, simply multiply the percentages by their respective probabilities and add the results:(30% × 25%) + (50% × 12%) + (25% × –5%) = 7.5 + 6 + –1.25 = 12.25% ERRA second example:if economic growth remains robust (a 20% probability), investments will return 25%;if economic growth ebbs, but still performs adequately (a 40% probability), investments will return 15%;if economic growth slows significantly (a 30% probability), investments will return 5%;if the economy declines outright (a 10% probability), investments will return 0%.Therefore:(20% × 25%) + (40% × 15%) + (30% × 5%) + (10% × 0%) = 5% + 6% + 1.5% + 0% = 12.5% ERR. -
15 unbalanced growth
Econthe result when not all sectors of an economy can grow at the same rate -
16 опережающий темп роста
Economy: outstripping growth rateУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > опережающий темп роста
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17 реальные темпы роста
Economy: real growth rateУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > реальные темпы роста
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18 реальный темп экономического роста
Economy: economic growth rateУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > реальный темп экономического роста
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19 темп равновесного роста
Economy: equilibrium growth rateУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > темп равновесного роста
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20 темп роста населения
Economy: population growth rateУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > темп роста населения
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